Tidal volume is the volume of air that a person inhales and exhales in a calm state; in an adult, it is 500 ml. Tidal volume is measured by determining the functional residual lung capacity (FRLC) and spirometry. FRLC is the amount of air left in the lungs after a quiet exhalation. Total lung capacity…
Hypovolemic shock is a life-threatening condition that results when you lose more than 20% of your body’s blood or fluid supply. Causes This condition can be caused by: various kinds of injuries, gastrointestinal bleeding, surgical interventions, fractures, in which large blood loss occurs; extensive body burns; peritonitis; pancreatitis; infectious diseases; intestinal obstruction; acute intestinal infections.
Flail chest is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs when a segment of the rib cage breaks due to trauma and becomes detached from the rest of the chest wall. Classification by fracture localization Anterior bilateral: rib fractures are localized on both sides of the sternum on the anterior surface of the chest; the anterior chest…
Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) has long been the preferred method for mechanically supporting blood circulation. This method is characterized by clinical efficacy, good safety indicators for various treatment regimens, as well as low cost. What is it? IABC is a medical technique that is used for cardiogenic shock in patients with acute left ventricular failure…
Glycopyrrolate is an inhaled drug that relieves narrowing of the lumen of the bronchi, relaxes the muscles of the respiratory system and is used to treat chronic diseases of the pulmonary system. The drug blocks acetylcholine, replacing it with a medicinal substance, which is similar to the cholinergic receptors in the brain. Pharmachologic effect The…
The clinical manifestation of many pulmonary and cardiac diseases is shortness of breath. It is expressed in disorders of depth and respiratory rate, which leads to a lack of air. Among the types of shortness of breath, there is bradypnea. That is rare breathing or with an insignificant increase in depth. The main body function…
One of the important factors affecting the mechanics of respiration is the extensibility of the lung tissue, or lung compliance. There are 2 types of lung compliance: static and dynamic. Static compliance is determined at the end of exhalation in conditions of a complete absence of flow in the airways: Cstat = Vt / (Pplat…
Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy has long and firmly entered the practice of mechanical ventilation. Without it, it is impossible to imagine effective respiratory support in severely ill patients. Most doctors automatically turn on the PEP regulator on the respiratory apparatus from the very beginning of mechanical ventilation. However, it must be remembered that PEP…
An incentive spirometer is a lung expansion device that helps you breathe deeply and properly. Setting up During the first use of an incentive spirometer, it is necessary to remove the flexible tube with the mouthpiece from the bag. Pull out the tube and connect it to the outlet located at the base on the…
Respiratory acidosis is a condition in which the blood has an acid reaction caused by an increase in its concentration of carbon dioxide due to inadequate lung function or respiratory distress. The amount of carbon dioxide in the blood is determined by the frequency and depth of breathing. Normally, if the carbon dioxide content rises,…